2009年5月9日 星期六

Aesthetic Distance

我對審美距離(Aesthetic Distance)的看法

如前所提及,都市的生活實在繁忙得令人透不過氣來,枯燥無味的生活真的佔據了每一天。要不是趕交著功課,何來有時間或抽空去看看書、觀賞博物館、進出電影院?幸好,亦因為此,重遇了一些意想不到的驚喜……一切從重閱朱光潛的《談美》開始。

朱光潛提及:「『從前』這兩個字可以立即把我們帶到詩和傳奇的童話世界,甚至一些罪惡或一件壞事也可以隨著時間的流逝而逐漸不那麼令人反感」。這種時空的美化正正就提供了一種觀賞的距離給我們,就如愛德華・布洛(Edward Bullough) 在1912年發表的《作為藝術中的因素和一種美學原理的心理距離》,所提及的審美距離的概念。布洛列舉了一個例子:設想在海上掀起大霧,這對船上的水手和乘客的心理來說,因著害怕船會觸礁或發生危險,所以是十分糟糕的事;但根據布洛的論點,假如水手和乘客可以暫時忘卻大霧可能造成的麻煩,而把注意力轉向「客觀地」觀賞周遭雲霧的景致,或許可感受到由迷濛雲霧造成的遠離塵世的沉寂;或許可感受到那給人安寧、恬靜、自由的感覺。這樣就體現了在同一場景所產生的迥異的感受。這種分別是「由於距離從中所梗而造成的」。若雲霧與人之間不存在任何「距離」,我們只能感受列雲霧的一般性或災難性,但若雲霧與人之間,可插入一段「距離」,我們就可以用不尋常的眼光去觀看它的美景。如布洛所言: ‘Aesthetic distance, is “the veil [which] surround[s] you with an opaqueness as of transparent milk, blurring the outline of things and distorting their shapes into weird grotesqueness.”’












圖一

這樣令的回想到那時當我還在主修藝術,天天埋頭地創作時,偶爾都會以此距離去洞悉事物的詩意。甚至很多藝術家都以此為創作的源頭,它甚至成為藝術家克服內心恐懼並將之轉化為詩意的一種手段。例如印象主義畫家Bonnard的首任未婚妻在浴缸中自殺身亡,Bonnard將內心恐懼轉化為詩意並繪畫了圖一的作品。

當觀眾進入藝術作品時,同樣要保持一段審美的距離。以觀賞傑利訶(Theodore Gericault) 的Raft of the Medusa(下圖)為例,這幅畫描繪了1816年震驚法國的一宗悲慘事件:法國梅杜薩號軍艦在海上失事的情節。藝術家與觀眾若純以「移情」(Empathy) 零距離去觀看這作品,可能只感受那是一場十分可怕的悲劇,當沈船時利用木頭筏子逃生的倖存者有150 人,而傑利訶所表現的畫面,是這場悲劇的最後時刻,亦即筏子在海上漂泊的第十二天,當阿爾古斯號船發現它時,只剩下十五名倖存者劫後餘生的情景。但當我們保持一段審美距離觀看此作品,便了解傑利訶為了繪製這幅畫時亦是保持這種距離,了解他是參考了過去和當代大師的作品,特別是米開蘭基羅Michelangelo的作品﹝如筏子中間躺著的男人形象﹞,和卡拉瓦喬Caravaggio作品中光線的明亮度﹝見照在一堆人體上的悽慘光線﹞,以及魯本斯Rubens的畫面節奏。傑利訶使用了強烈的明暗對比,以及光線的猛烈閃現,與大衛那明亮而生動的色調相反。畫面幾乎是單色的、深深的棕褐色色調。畫面表面上是建立在一個錯綜複雜的結構之上,但實際上則勾勒出一個精確的上升結構—最終結束於右邊倖存者高高舉起、拼命搖動的緞布上。作品凝造高度的緊張感,一種朝著地平線的光線向前移動,期望得救的焦慮感,使這幅作品具有特殊的暗示力量。種種的建構分析,都源自審美主體與審美對象之間的微妙距離。


那麼,如前所述,審美距離又是否觀看藝術作品的唯一真實呢?我卻又不敢苟同。若藝術作品跟觀者往往保持著一種不可觸踫的距離,我們又如何將自己的感情投入,從「移情」中而達到「共鳴」呢?若藝術作品不能給人共鳴,又如何給人掀動情緒、觸動心靈呢?正如布洛提到在審美經驗中的「距離的內在矛盾」(Antinomy of distance),他列舉了一個例子,一個正觀看《奧賽羅》的人,當他發現他的經歷與情感與奧賽羅的吻合一致時,即使他根本不欣賞這劇,他對奧賽羅的處境行為及性格的領會必會更深刻完美。又此可知,一方面,藝術品是否能感動我們,引起我們的共鳴,是建基於藝術品所描繪的生活情景跟我們自身的獨特生活經驗和體會、文化特質相吻合的程度成正比。所以當藝術品愈貼近我們的生活及經歷,我們對它的領會更為深入。但另一方面,若藝術品所描述的生活情景與我們的生活經歷日益貼近時,我們又會容易將藝術世界與生活混為一談,亦即是將藝術世界退回自身經歷的現實世界。要是這樣的話,審美的鑒賞便容易變成痛苦的自傷身世了。就是這樣,便出現了布洛所指的「距離的內在矛盾」了。

故此,我十分贊成布洛的一席話:「無論是在藝術欣賞的領域,還是藝術生產中,最受歡迎的境界乃是把距離最大限度的縮小,而又不至於使其消失的境界。」我亦相信這種「不即不離」的境界可以說是最理想的藝術境界,原因就是它具備了對「距離的內在矛盾」作出了合適的安排。它一方面不會因距離太遠、不貼近生活而令得人無法理解;另一方面又不會因為距離消失、太反映現實致令人喪失審美的享受及想像了。




Busyness and Forgetfullness




This is a set of artworks (installation) about the correlation between busy life and forgetfulness. I just find that I am not the one who can sustain in such a vibrant but rush city like Hong Kong. After graduated from the paradiso university, the working life remains me apart from the stable income, but only busy, busy and busy. The most shocking situation is that even though I have a long long holidays which suppose I can relax myself, I still fall into a busy scenario. During the working days, I am incapable of doing those personal things that I need to put all these into my vacation, just like visiting the dentist, going to the bank, doing housework or the annual body check. That means I am really busy for my whole body, physically and mentally. That’s incredible!

This artwork, I want to represent my thought about busyness and forgetfulness, illustrates that we always forget our different parts of our body: our eyeballs, our kidneys, our skins. Eye, an important organ, brings us to have a direct relation to our surroundings. Before we understand, we see! Kidney is very important to our internal body. It keeps a balance between our in and out. Skin, protects us directly to the sunshine and external germs. All these three organs and parts of our body are just metaphors which indeed represent all our body. We always remember to finish our work on time in order not to be blamed by our boss or to act as a responsible person, but we always forget something which is much more important to us—our HEALTH. We never notice their existence until we start to feel our eyes blurred, or any parts of our body painful. We always forget them until they decide to give us a revenge. It will be too late to compensate when they are lost. This is the bad symptom to most of us in such a busy city life.









2009年3月1日 星期日

Time and Space

From the short movie, I have tried to display my personal point of view with image, time and space in such a busy society. It is my first attempt to produce a movie, though it's not good enough, I was amazed by the user-friendly movie maker in the process of production. My interest on movie making is aroused, and with the aid of such technology, it's easier to show the theatrical effect of my story.


2009年2月20日 星期五

不朽--米蘭.昆德拉

從一個手勢開始…

創造出文章中的女主角–阿涅絲,故事的情節也由此展開……

閱讀此書,自身猶如處於氫氣球上,委實不知道故事會怎麼走……但一幕一幕的場景,似乎一圈又一圈地、進進出出的,引領我們直通往故事的終結,過程是迴旋的、沒方向的……

在繞圈圈的過程,似乎身旁伴隨著一位手持解剝刀的夢遊者,在他的帶領下,將路上的每件事物都極為徹底地解析,然而在解析中又引領你步進另一個深度;但因這位夢遊者,常會突如其來的將你從解析的過程中蹦了出來。趣味由是而生。

猶如人生的舞台......

2009年2月6日 星期五

My Story

Everyday, moving inside and outside light and shadow, embracing the darkness, feeling the solitude, enjoying the different lives...

Once I was a movie maniac. Seeing movies became a vital part in my life. It was because I can feel LIFE from the moving light and shadow. Even though I have never the same experience, I can just FEEL it, FELL into it and IMAGINE about it. All these brought me with sorrow and laughter, emptiness and richness. All are binaries but those are the actuality of life.

From Tarkovsky’s Nostalgia, I can feel the feeling of being nostalgic. As a Hong Kong native citizen and all my family members are crowded in the places that belong to us, scarcely do I have to chance to have this feeling. Urban life implies limited spaces but everywhere is accessible. Nostalgic feeling is something strange to me. Nevertheless, in the movie, from the grayish atmosphere, from the wrinkles of the main character, from the speechless silence and refraining from the mass, I was deeply impressed and touched by the sorrow lingered in the air. I could feel the pain and uneasiness of the main character and I could totally get into it. Never could I forget this nostalgic feeling, despite I have never experience before.

I met Toto and Alfredo in Cinema Paradiso at my age of seventeen. From two of them, I understand the essence of life. Alfredo said to Toto: “Living here day by day, you think it's the center of the world. You believe nothing will ever change. Then you leave: a year, two years. When you come back, everything's changed. The thread's broken. What you came to find isn't there. What was yours is gone. You have to go away for a long time... many years... before you can come back and find your people.” Hong Kong, as a globalized city, I understand that I am just a tidy part of this land. Living in such a fast-pace city, things are changing as fast as we can catch up with. Situations were just totally different from Alfredo and Toto’s little village in Italy. However, the essence in the same: the celebration of youth to chase with your dreams, the cherishing of the friendships we ever have. I was enlightened at the age of seventeen, with the aid of this film.

However, many years ago, I started to depart from films. Life seems to become dry from that day onwards. The reasons: maybe just because of busy in life, or the tiredness embodies no more energy to go to the cinema, or the excuse to face the losing self…… So memorize the days with films, so memorize the days with naïve charm.

The story doesn’t end, as I believe one day I can get back my losing self…